Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

Effects of pistachio by‐products on digestibility,milk production,milk fatty acid profile and blood metabolites in Saanen dairy goats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by‐products (PBP) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Saanen dairy goats. Nine multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 90 post‐partum, 45 ± 2/kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three treatment diets: 1) control diet (alfalfa hay based), 2) 32% PBP and 3) 32% PBP + polyethylene glycol (PEG‐4000; 1 g/kg dry matter). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 day for treatment adaptation and 7 day for data collection. Pistachio by‐products significantly decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with the control diet (64.4% vs. 58.7%), but PEG addition did not differ for CP digestibility of goats fed 32% PBP + PEG and those fed the two other diets. The digestibility of NDF tended (p = 0.06) to decrease for goats fed PBP compared with those fed the control diet. Yields of milk and 4% fat‐corrected milk were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with the control diet, PBP supplementation appreciably changed the proportions of almost all the milk FA measured; the main effects were decreases (p < 0.01) in FA from 8:0 to 16:0 and increases (p < 0.01) proportions of cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and trans‐11 18:1, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA and long‐chain FA. The saturated FA, short‐chain FA and medium‐chain FA proportions were lower (p < 0.01) in goats fed the two PBP supplemented diet than in those fed the control diet and PEG addition led to intermediate proportions of saturated FA, unsaturated and monounsaturated FA. Inclusion of PBP in the diet decreased (p < 0.01) plasma concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen compared with the control diet. It was concluded that PBP can be used as forage in the diet of dairy goats without interfering with milk yield. Inclusion of 32% PBP in the diet of dairy goats had beneficial effects on milk FA profile but PEG addition to PBP did not contribute to enhance further milk FA profile.     

农产品中典型真菌毒素免疫检测技术及其应用研究进展

真菌毒素是一类由产毒真菌产生的次级代谢产物。由于其种类多、毒性强、污染范围广的特点,对人和动物的健康存在威胁。因此建立精准、高效的真菌毒素检测技术对农产品中真菌毒素的监测和防控具有重要意义。免疫分析技术因其灵敏度高、检测速度快和对操作人员要求低等优点被广泛应用于农产品的检测。本文重点介绍了近年来黄曲霉毒素B₁、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及伏马菌素B₁等典型真菌毒素快速免疫检测技术,分析了各检测技术的优缺点,并概述了其检测技术产品化,展望了今后真菌毒素检测技术的发展方向。     

Assessment of microbial biocontrol agent (BCA) viability to mechanical and thermal stress by simulating spray application conditions

Background

In order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).

Results

The critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.

Conclusions

Experimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制

采煤活动所致的动态沉陷湿地具有动态性、高潜水位和生态脆弱性等特点,探明此类人工重构湿地的水生植物群落的生物学特性及其竞争机制,有助于为采煤沉陷区湿地水生植物群落修复提供科学依据.本研究以淮南潘集区人工构建的苦草群落(Ass.Vallisneria natans)为倒,采用样方调查法,研究苦草的生物学特性及其与其他水生植物的竞争机制.结果表明,1)沉陷区苦草的生物学特性与浅水湖泊较一致.主要表现在苦草的繁殖方式、传粉方式、生活史方面,但研究区苦草以有性繁殖为主.2)沉陷区苦草能与以种子萌发形成的水烛群丛(Ass.Typha angustifolia)共生,但生物量低;在与形成两年以上的水烛群丛竞争中处于劣势,在水烛群丛盖度达到90％时苦草逐渐消失.3)沉陷区苦草在与浮叶植物莕菜群丛(Ass.Nymphoides peltatum)、苹群丛(Ass.Marsilea quadrifolia)竞争中处于弱势,其盖度、株高、生物量等指标都明显下降.4)沉陷区苦草在与沉水植物竹叶眼子菜群丛(Ass.Potamogeton malaianus)竞争中处于劣势,苦草与沉水植物黑藻群丛(Ass.Hydrilla verticillata)、狐尾藻群丛(Ass.Myrioph yllum verticillatum)、大茨藻群丛(Ass.Najas marina)、金鱼藻群丛(Ass.Ceratophyllum demersum)占据不同水层空间,种间竞争不强烈,能较好地共存.总之,苦草较之于相似生长型的植物具有较明显的竞争优势,对于具有不同生活型,尤其是挺水植物和浮叶植物,处于竞争劣势.     

大豆饲料产品中主要抗营养因子含量的检测与分析

本试验旨在应用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法以及色谱法测定不同加工工艺的大豆饲料产品中主要大豆抗营养因子大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子以及大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的含量。采用ELISA试剂盒对国内257份大豆制品中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行检测与分析;利用离子色谱建立了大豆产品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的灵敏、准确的同步测定法,并对国内92份大豆制品中寡糖含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相对较低;本试验所建立的离子色谱同步测定大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的方法具有灵敏度和准确性高、重现性好的优点,适用于大豆寡糖的测定;通过对实际样品的检测和分析,发现发酵豆粕和大豆分离蛋白中3种大豆寡糖含量均相对较低。本试验所得到不同加工工艺的大豆产品中主要抗营养因子含量的相关数据将为大豆在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供很好的技术支撑。     

湖南省林产品电子商务系统的研制Ⅱ.系统编程与实现

为解决湖南省林产品交易过程中由于信息不早所造成的供需矛盾，在具体分析了湖南省林产品的交易过程及模式的基础上，利用Dreamwaver、IIS和ASP开发出湖南省林产品电子商务网站。建立了湖南省林产品电子商务管理信息系统，以实现林产品的在线交易。使林产品的商务活动达到可宏观调控和信息引导的目的，实现林产品的公平、快捷、方便、高效、低成本的交易和快速准确的查询、统计、分析、决策、动态更新和WWW发布功能。     

我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策

综合介绍了我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策。我国一些经济林产品，如油茶、油桐、漆树、白蜡、板粟、等栽培历史悠久，产量居世界之冠；一些经济林产品的质量在世界上享有盛名，如桐油、核桃仁；近年来在一些经济林产品的开发利用上取得了一定的进展；如采用加温融合与加压压榨法提取橄榄油比常规压榨法提高出油量１４．０７％。